ATXN2 ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kits are designed to detect and quantify the Ataxin-2 protein, which is encoded by the ATXN2 gene. Ataxin-2 is associated with various neurodegenerative conditions, particularly spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations and altered expression of ATXN2 are implicated in these disorders. ATXN2 ELISA kits are used primarily in research to study the role of Ataxin-2 in disease mechanisms and to assess the effects of genetic and environmental factors on its expression.

Components of ATXN2 ELISA Kits

• Microplate: A 96-well plate pre-coated with specific antibodies against Ataxin-2 or ATXN2 proteins. The coating enables the specific capture and quantification of Ataxin-2 from samples.
• Reagents:
  • Capture Antibodies/Antigens: For detecting Ataxin-2, these are antibodies specific to Ataxin-2 immobilized on the microplate wells. In some kits, ATXN2 proteins are used to coat the wells for antibody detection.
  • Detection Antibodies: Secondary antibodies conjugated to an enzyme (e.g., horseradish peroxidase, HRP) that bind to the captured Ataxin-2-specific antibodies or directly to Ataxin-2 proteins in the sample.
  • Substrate Solution: Reacts with the enzyme linked to the detection antibodies, producing a colorimetric change proportional to the amount of Ataxin-2 present in the sample.
  • Stop Solution: An acid solution that halts the enzymatic reaction and stabilizes the color development for measurement.

Applications

• Neurodegenerative Research: Investigates the role of Ataxin-2 in neurodegenerative diseases such as spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), providing insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
• Biomarker Discovery: Identifies potential biomarkers related to Ataxin-2-related diseases, aiding in early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression.
• Functional Studies: Evaluates the impact of genetic mutations, environmental factors, or therapeutic interventions on Ataxin-2 expression and function, contributing to a better understanding of disease pathology.
• Drug Development: Assesses the effects of novel compounds on Ataxin-2 levels and activity, supporting the development of treatments for conditions associated with Ataxin-2 dysregulation.

Sensitivity and Specificity

• Sensitivity: Refers to the assay’s ability to detect low levels of Ataxin-2. High sensitivity is crucial for accurate measurement, especially when studying small quantities of Ataxin-2 in samples.
• Specificity: Ensures that the assay accurately detects Ataxin-2 and minimizes cross-reactivity with other proteins or unrelated targets.

ATXN2 ELISA kits are valuable tools for detecting and quantifying Ataxin-2 in biological samples. They are used in neurodegenerative research, biomarker discovery, functional studies, and drug development. Understanding the components, procedures, and limitations of these kits ensures accurate and reliable measurement of Ataxin-2, providing essential insights into its role in disease and potential therapeutic applications.