GZMB (Granzyme B) ELISA kits are designed to measure the levels of Granzyme B in biological samples. Granzyme B is a serine protease produced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. It plays a crucial role in the induction of apoptosis in target cells and is important in immune responses, including cancer immunology and autoimmune diseases. Accurate measurement of Granzyme B is valuable for research into immune system function, cancer, and inflammatory conditions.
Components
- Coated Microplate:
- A 96-well plate pre-coated with antibodies specific to Granzyme B. This allows Granzyme B proteins in the sample to be captured on the plate.
- Standards:
- Recombinant or purified Granzyme B proteins with known concentrations used to create a standard curve for quantifying Granzyme B levels in samples.
- Detection Antibody:
- A secondary antibody specific to Granzyme B, typically conjugated to an enzyme such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or alkaline phosphatase (AP) for detection.
- Substrate Solution:
- Contains a substrate that reacts with the enzyme linked to the detection antibody, producing a color change proportional to the amount of Granzyme B present.
- Stop Solution:
- An acid solution that halts the enzyme reaction and stabilizes the color for measurement.
- Wash Buffer:
- Used to wash away unbound substances and reduce background noise, ensuring that only specifically bound Granzyme B is measured.
Technical Considerations
- Sensitivity:
- The lowest concentration of Granzyme B detectable by the assay.
- Specificity:
- The ability of the kit to specifically detect Granzyme B without cross-reacting with other proteins.
- Reproducibility:
- Consistency of results across different assays and sample conditions.
- Interferences:
- Potential effects of other substances in the sample that might impact assay accuracy.
Applications
- Research: Studying Granzyme B’s role in immune response, apoptosis, cancer biology, and autoimmune diseases.
- Clinical Diagnostics: Monitoring Granzyme B levels in patients with immune-related conditions, such as cancer or autoimmune disorders, where Granzyme B activity may be a significant factor.
- Drug Development: Evaluating potential therapeutic agents that modulate Granzyme B activity or its signaling pathways for treating diseases involving abnormal immune responses.
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