IgG ELISA kits are designed to measure the levels of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in biological samples. IgG is a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune response by identifying and neutralizing pathogens like bacteria and viruses. Accurate measurement of IgG is important for diagnosing infections, monitoring immune system disorders, and assessing vaccine efficacy.
Components
- Coated Microplate:
- A 96-well plate pre-coated with antibodies specific to human IgG. This allows IgG present in the sample to be captured on the plate.
- Standards:
- Purified or recombinant human IgG proteins with known concentrations used to create a standard curve for quantifying IgG levels in samples.
- Detection Antibody:
- A secondary antibody specific to IgG, typically conjugated to an enzyme such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or alkaline phosphatase (AP) for detection.
- Substrate Solution:
- Contains a substrate that reacts with the enzyme linked to the detection antibody, producing a color change proportional to the amount of IgG present.
- Stop Solution:
- An acid solution that stops the enzyme reaction and stabilizes the color for measurement.
- Wash Buffer:
- Used to wash away unbound substances and reduce background noise, ensuring that only specifically bound IgG is measured.
Technical Considerations
- Sensitivity:
- The lowest concentration of IgG detectable by the assay.
- Specificity:
- The ability of the kit to specifically detect IgG without cross-reacting with other antibodies or proteins.
- Reproducibility:
- Consistency of results across different assays and sample conditions.
- Interferences:
- Potential effects of other substances in the sample that might impact assay accuracy.
Applications
- Research: Investigating IgG levels in various diseases, immune responses, and vaccine efficacy studies.
- Clinical Diagnostics: Diagnosing infections, monitoring autoimmune diseases, and assessing immune system function and response to vaccination.
- Monitoring: Tracking changes in IgG levels in patients undergoing treatment for immune disorders or infections.
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